Hiding in Plain Sight: A Longitudinal Study of Combosquatting Abuse

Panagiotis Kintis, Najmeh Miramirkhani, Charles Lever, Yizheng Chen, Roza Romero-Gómez, Nikolaos Pitropakis, Nick Nikiforakis, Manos Antonakakis
ACM SIGSAC conference on Computer & communications security, 2017

Domain squatting is a common adversarial practice where attackers register domain names that are purposefully similar to popular domains. In this work, we study a specific type of domain squatting called “combosquatting,” in which attackers register domains that combine a popular trademark with one or more phrases (e.g., betterfacebook[.]com, youtube-live[.]com). We perform the first largescale, empirical study of combosquatting by analyzing more than 468 billion DNS records—collected from passive and active DNS data sources over almost six years. We find that almost 60% of abusive combosquatting domains live for more than 1,000 days, and even worse, we observe increased activity associated with combosquatting year over year. Moreover, we show that combosquatting is used to perform a spectrum of different types of abuse including phishing, social engineering, affiliate abuse, trademark abuse, and even advanced persistent threats. Our results suggest that combosquatting is a real problem that requires increased scrutiny by the security community.